河南省钼矿床的分布规律和找矿特征

通过对河南省钼矿床的分布规律和找矿特征的分析,总结出如下规律：1）河南省钼矿床属东秦岭—大别山钼成矿带的一部分;2）在地槽活动带的边缘区的构造-岩浆岩带是钼矿床产出的有利场所;3）成矿母岩是主要控矿因素,也是最重要的找矿标志;4）区域巨大的燕山期花岗岩基是成钼小岩体的母岩,而成钼小岩体又是钼矿床的成矿母岩,三者在空间分布上具有高度的一致性。     

冀西北康保、沽源一带新构造运动特征

冀西北坝上高原是河北省的三大地貌单元之一,新构造活动强烈,间歇性断块升降十分明显,主要表现为多级层状地貌、强烈的火山活动、盆地迁移、断裂活动及地震等。区内发育北台期及唐县期两期夷平面,其海拔高度分别为1 700 m、1 500 m左右,其形成时代分别为晚白垩纪—始新世初和中新世未—上新世初。区内发育Ⅰ~Ⅲ级阶地,Ⅰ级阶地河拔高度为1~2 m,形成于晚全新世早期;Ⅱ级阶地河拔高度为6~12 m,形成于早全新世初期;Ⅲ级阶地河拔高度为25~30 m,形成于晚更新世晚期。     

珊瑚礁地层钻探取心技术研究及应用

人工吹填珊瑚岛礁地层结构比较特殊,以珊瑚砂和珊瑚碎屑为主,取心和成孔难度较大。以南海某岛礁地质钻探取心工程实践为例,针对地层岩性特点,采用一系列对应技术措施：上部松散或弱胶结砂砾层采取跟管钻进和无水干钻取心技术;礁灰岩全漏失地层设计了一套掏砂钻具进行掏砂,确保井眼干净;软硬互层采用超前侧喷钻头;粉砂质地层采取小口径钻具无水干钻取心技术等。该技术在18个钻孔实施中取得了良好的效果,可为后续珊瑚礁地层钻探取心提供借鉴。     

广东鹤山退化草坡从草本优势向灌木优势演变过程中的生态特征

研究了地处南亚热带的广东省鹤山草坡在从草本优势群落演变为灌木优势群落过程中的植物多样性、生物量、土壤营养等结构与功能特征的变化,发现其转变过程中的植物多样性有所增加,土壤含水量提高,土壤有机质及全氮含量均增加1倍多,同时会积累更多的生物量.恢复早期草本优势群落,在一定程度上影响着自身生境条件如土壤水分、养分等的改善,这为其后木本植物的生长创造了适宜的生境条件,有利于群落向灌木优势的结构方向发展,同时能促进群落生物量和植物多样性的提高.但以灌木为优势种的群落的植物多样性、土壤含水量等特征仍处于较低水平.南亚热带退化草坡自然恢复这一过程较为缓慢,应采取适当的人为措施,如通过人工造林恢复乔木层植被,进而增加林下植物多样性,以加速退化草坡的植被恢复.     

区域尺度城市增长时空动态模型及其应用

区域尺度城市增长动态模拟(Reg-UGM) 是城市化影响下的土地利用/覆盖变化以及全球 环境变化研究的重要手段之一。针对单个城市增长未来情景模拟难以在区域尺度刻画与解释 城市化影响下的土地利用/覆盖变化以及与全球环境变化交互过程与作用机理主要问题,本研 究集成人工神经网络模型(ANN) 与元胞自动机模型(CA) 构建适合不同情景的区域尺度城市 增长动态模型,通过1979 年以来高分辨率遥感信息探测获取的4 个时段京津唐都市圈城市增 长时空特征分析提取先验知识规则,模拟京津唐都市圈在基准模式、经济模式、政策模式与 结构调整模式未来不同情景模式下城市增长过程。研究表明,Reg-UGM在模拟区域尺度受国 家宏观政策等影响城市非线性增长过程具有较好的可靠性,为进一步研究城市化影响下的宏 观生态效应提供前提保障。模拟结果显示京津唐都市圈在不同情景模式下城市增长呈现较大 的时空格局差异,未来城市增长结构调整模式更符合区域城市化的实际情况,未来区域城市 增长将由特大城市向中小城市转移,滨海沿线城镇发展带将经历更快的城市增长过程。     

Unconventional Natural Gas Accumulations in Stacked Deposits:A Discussion of Upper Paleozoic Coal-Bearing Strata in the East Margin of the Ordos Basin,China

The Upper Paleozoic(Carboniferous to Permian) succession in the east margin of the Ordos Basin in the North China Craton has a potential to contain significant hydrocarbon resources, though attention have been mainly attracted for its successful development of coalbed methane(CBM). To improve the previous resource estimates and evaluate the hydrocarbon play possibilities, this study incorporated new discoveries of hydrocarbon units and their stratigraphic relation with source rocks, hydrocarbon migration and trapping configurations. Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation units were identified within the Upper Paleozoic, including the Taiyuan, Shanxi and Xiashihezi formations with great tight gas potential, and the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations also containing shale gas and CBM. Different strata combinations are identified with coal deposition and favour for continuous gas accumulations, including the tidal flat, deltaic and fluvial systems distributed in most of the study areas. Methane was not only generated from the thick coal seams in the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations, but also from shale and dark mudstones. The coal, shale and tight sandstones are proved of remarkable gas content and hydrocarbon indications, and the gas saturation of tight sandstones decreases upward. The stacked deposit combinations vary isochronally in different areas, while the coal seams were developed stably showing good gas sources. Two key stages control the hydrocarbon enrichment, the continuous subsidence from coal forming to Late Triassic and the anomalous paleo-geothermal event happened in Early Cretaceous, as indicated by the fluid inclusions evidence. Extensive areas show good hydrocarbon development potential presently, and more works should be focused on the evaluation and selection of good reservoir combinations.     

三种壳口颜色脉红螺(Rapana venosa)形态学和线粒体16S rRNA与COⅠ基因片段差异比较分析

脉红螺壳口通常有3种颜色:"黑白条纹螺"、"中间螺"和"橙色螺"。本论文对3种壳口颜色的脉红螺分别进行了形态学和mt16S rRNA、COⅠ基因片段序列比较分析。形态学分析结果表明,除厣宽/壳高、厣高/壳高、厣高/体螺层、厣高/壳口长、厣高/壳口宽、厣高/厣宽的形态学特征指数和出肉率不具有显著性差异外,其它形态特征和生物学相关变量具有显著差异,且对湿重的影响效果不同。"黑白条纹螺"壳口长和壳口宽对湿重影响最大,而"中间螺"和"橙色螺"各形态特征对湿重均无显著的直接影响。根据各形态特征均值建立的居群形态聚类图显示,"中间螺"和"橙色螺"形态差异较小,二者与"黑白条纹螺"的形态差异较大。然而基于mt16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段序列分析结果显示,三种壳口颜色的脉红螺无遗传分化,为同一种。     

Acclimatory responses to high-salt stress in Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae) from Antarctica

Antarctic ice microalga can survive and thrive in channels or pores containing high salinity in Antarctic ice layer. In this study, it was found that cell membrane permeability of green microalga Chlamydomonas sp. L4 from Antarctic sea ice was high in cells treated with hypersalinity due to the induction of active oxygen and radicals. However, increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) scavenged harmful free radicals effectively to keep cell membrane integrity. Also, the analysis of membrane fatty acids demonstrated the content of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased under the high-salt treatment for 14 d, which effectively reduced the membrane fluidity and minimized the injury to cell membrane. The morphological changes showed that hypersalinity induced the increase of cell volume and the consumption of starch granules. However, because of the increase in detoxification of vacuoles, electron-dense deposits and SOD activity under high-salt stress, the complete noninterference thylakoids, mitochondria and cell nucleus maintained cellular fundamental metabolism. Global-expression profiling of proteins showed eight protein spots disappeared, 18 protein spots decreased and 18 protein spots were enhanced after the high-salt shock obviously (P<0.05). One new peptide (pI 6.90; MW 51 kDa) was primarily confirmed as the processor of light reaction center protein CP43 in photosystem Ⅱ, which increased photosynthesis ability of Chlamydomonas sp. L4 treated with high salinity.     

基于SGR算法的断层侧向封闭性评价方法改进及其应用

利用Yielding断层侧向封闭性评价方法预测油柱高度过程中,发现断层侧向封闭油气能力与油气分布呈现部分不吻合现象,经过深入研究表明:是由于未考虑断层侧向封闭油气下限以及封闭区域造成的。当断面上某一深度范围内最小断层泥化率(SGR值)大于断层侧向封闭油气下限时,整条断层在该深度范围内对油气具有侧向封闭能力,Yielding断层侧向评价方法可直接应用,其预测结果与油气吻合度较好;而当断面上某一深度范围内最小SGR值小于断层侧向封闭油气下限时,该点在封闭区域之外,按照Yielding预测方法可能会低估或高估断层的侧向封闭能力。为了更准确研究断层侧向封闭性评价方法,因此针对这种情况对断层侧向封闭评价方法进行了改进,并选取冀中坳陷文安斜坡断层型圈闭为例,利用改进后的断层侧向评价方法对断圈侧向封闭能力进行定量评价,结果表明:沙一段1~2号断圈的预测结果与井含油气性相吻合,表明该方法用于定量评价断层侧向封闭性是可行的,更正了Yielding评价方法低估或高估封闭断圈侧向封闭油气的能力,提高了断层侧向封闭能力预测的准确度。     

拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器的理论模型及频域响应分析

惯容器是一种新型的振动控制装置,该装置可以将螺杆的轴向运动转换为黏滞材料和旋转质量的高速旋转运动,使阻尼器的阻尼效应和质量效应得到放大。基于惯容器原理以及电涡流原理,提出一种新型的拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器,为结构被动控制提供了新的设计思路。为研究这种新型惯容系统的减振机理,对安装拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器单层框架的力学模型进行了探讨。推导出了配置惯容系统单质点体系的动力表达式,并基于此表达式探讨在频域内该惯容系统关键参数对单质点体系位移、速度和加速度响应的影响。结果表明:这种拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器可以起到放大质量的效果,惯容系统可以有效地减少单质点体系的位移、速度和加速度响应幅值。